Author: I K Sarma
Publisher: Sundeep Prakashan
Year: 1982
Language: English
Pages: 330
ISBN/UPC (if available): 8175740310
Description
The growth of Hindu iconography cannot be studied in isolation from the art and architecture of a particular period. Their evolution is interlinked but the origins cannot be so ideally traced. A maiden attempt is made here to integrate the development of Shaiva iconography, architecture and connected rituals from the earliest times to the beginning of the seventh century AD, with special stress on Andhra Desa.
This ancient geographical tract is regarded as the most crucial zone for tracing the religious expansion towards the south. The study is intensive and based on specific archaeological vestiges, rather than sporadic literary data, although the latter's relevance does not go unrecognized.
The text is enlivened with numerous illustrations, several among them appearing for the first time. The presentation is lucid, objective and original.
Contents
FOREWORD BY PADMABHUSHANA DR.C.SIVARAMAMURTI
PREFACE
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS (A) FIGURES, (B) PHOTOGRAPHS
ABBREVIATIONS : JOURNALS AND PERIODICALS
I. INTRODUCTION
1. Geographical Limits of the Investigation
2. Field Work Highlighted
3. Why Choice of Andhra
4. Importance of Trilingadesa
5. Scope of Study
II. PRE-HISTORY OF SAIVISM
1. Representations of Proto-Siva in Harappan Civilization
2. Early Village Communities
3. Certain Evidence of Cult Worship
4. Evidences from Megalithic and Iron Age Assemblages
III. PROTO-HISTORY OF SAIVISM (MAINLY LITERARY)
1. Review of Early Literature, Name of Siva, Etc.
2. Some Representations in Art and Sculpture of Western Asia
3. Survey of Philosophical Trends with Special Reference to South
IV. HISTORIC SAIVISM (Circa 300 B.C. to 600 A.D.)
1. Historical Backgroun
a) Mauryan to Post-Asokan Period, 29; (b) Late Satavahana Period, 30; © Ikshvaku Rulers of Sri Parvata Vijayapuri, 30; (d) Other Contemporary and Post-Ikshvaku Royal Families, 31
2. A Survey of Early Architectural and Iconographic Forms
3. Evidences from the Neighbouring Karnataka
V. SAIVA VESTIGES IN ANDHRA DESA DURING EARLY CENTURIES B.C.-SIVA TEMPLE AT GUDIMALLAM
1. Preface
2. The Site and Its Environs Explorations, 40; Conservation Works, 41
3. Historical Background/ The Name of the Village, Temple, 41; The Inscriptions, 42
4. The Temple Complex, Its Architecture
A) The Prakara and Gopura, 42; (B) Subsidiary Shrines, 43; C) The Parasuramesvara Temple, 44; (d) Lingakriti Vimana, 46
5. Description of the Cuttings
(1) Probe Within the Garbhagriha, 46; (2) Trench-A Outside, 47; (3) Sequence and Chronology-Phase-1 (Circa Third to the End of First Century B.C.), 47; Phase-2 (Early First to Third Century A.D.)48; Interregnum, 48; Phase-3 (Middle of Ninth Century A.D. Upto 18th Century), 48
6. pottery and Other Objects
(1) Pottery of Phase-1, 49; (2) Pottery of Phase-2, 49; (3) Pottery from Phase-3, 50; (4) Other Objects, 50; (5) Silver Punch Marked Coin, 50
7. Correlative Study of the New Evidences
(1) Linga and the Pithas, 50; (2) Railing and its Characteristics, 51; (3) Silaprakara Linga, 52; Mode of Worship in Various Phases, 52;(4) Brick Apsidal Temple, Phase-2, 53
8. New Light on Gudimallam Siva
A) The Linga and the Form of Siva, 53; (b)The Yaksha, 56; © Correlation With Some and the Spread of Lakulisa Pasupatism into the South Literary and Philosophical Aspects, 58
9. Parallels and Conclusions, 59; (b) The Importance of the Linga, Its Dating, 61; © Resume, 62
(1) A Chaturmukha Linga From Amaravati, 74; (2) Esoterism of the Mukhalingas, 75; (3) Antiquity of Saivism at Amaravati, 77; (4) A Unique Nandi From Anaravati, 77; (5)(a) Some Parallels in Indian Art
VI. SAIVA REMAINS DURING SATAVAHANA PERIOD
1. An Early Form of Ganesa and Other Auxiliary Deities From Amaravati (a) Significance of the Depiction, 73
2. A Chaturmukha Linga From Amaravati and the Spread of Lakulisa Pasupatism into the South
(1) A Chaturmukha Linga from Amaravati, 74; (2) Esoterism of the Mukhalingas, 75; (3) Antiquity of Saivism at Amaravati, 77; (4) A Unique Nandi from Amaravati, 77; (5) Some Early Linga Types, 79; (6) Some Mukhalinga Types, 80; (7) Lakulisa and His forms in South, 82; (8) A Rare Lakulisa Icon from Mukhalingam, 84; (9) Other Sculptures of Lakulisa in the South, 85
3. Early Saiva Vestiges in the Submersible Areas of Mahboobnagar and Kurnool Districts
(1) Excavations at Virapuram (Vellala), 88; (2) Rangpur, 89; (3)Gumakonda, 90; (4) Kudavelli, 90; (5) Siddheswaram, 90
VII. SAIVISM UNDER THE IKSHVAKU RULERS OF VIJAYAPURI
1. Brahmanical Temples and Relics at nagarjunakonda
(A) Religion of the Ikshvaku Kings of Vijayapuri, 99; (B) General Features, 100; © Constructional Features, 100; (D) Unique Details of the Foundations, 101; (E) Plans, Layouts, 101; (F) Elevational and Other Decorative Features, 103; Roofs; 103; (G) The Rituals, 103; (H) The Gods, 104; Kartikeya-the Sriparva-tasvami, 104; (a) Bronze Kartikeya, 105; (b) Kartikeya, Site-82, 106; © Kartikeya, Acc.No.103, 107; (d) Head of Kartikeya, Site-123, 108; (e) Devasena, 108; (f) Forms of Siva, 108; (g) Hariti Figures, 109; (h) Mother Goddess, 109; (i) Other Cult Figures, 109
2. Conspectus of Saiva Temples at Nagarjunakonda Ashtabhujasvami Temple, 110; Nodagivarasvami Temple, 111; Burning Ghat, 112; Pillared Hall, 112; Mahadeva Pushpabhadra Svami Temples, 112; Kartikeya Temple, 114; Masonry Tank, 115; Sarvadevadhivasa Complex, 115; Apsidal Temples, 117; Site-82: Kartikeya Temple, 117; Site-83: Rectangular Shrines, 118; Site-84: Temples with Mandapa, 119; Site-77 : Kartikeya Temple, 119; Site-78: Navagrtaha Temple, 120; Site-67: Medieval Siva Temple, 121; Site-64: Yaksha-Kubera Temple Complex, 122; Site-39 Devasena Temple, 124; Site-57: Kartikeya Temple; 124; Site-35: Brahmanical Temple, 125; Site-110: Siva Temple, 125; Site-75: Later Siva Temples, 125; Site; Site-31 : Siva Temple, 126; Site-17: Hariti Temple, 126; Site-56: Hariti Temple, 126
3. Form of Ashtabhuja Aghoramurti Siva
VIII. SAIVA VESTIGES DURING THE POST-IKSHVAKU TIMES
1. The Chejerla Temple Complex
(a) General Layout, 137; (b) New Evidences, 138; © Phase-1 : Late Satavahna-Ikshvaku, 138; (d) Phase-2: Post-Ikshvaku, 139; (e) Phase-3 Beginning of the Seventh Century A.D. to the Late Medieval Times, 140; (2) Architectural Description of the Main Temple, 141; (3) A Unique Linga Inside the Bhimesvara Subshrine, 143; (4) Surya from Chejerla, 143; (5) Kartikeya from Chejerla, 143
2. Ganesa Worship During Fourth-Fifth Centuries A.D.
3. Seated Siva in Vijayawada Museum
4. An Apsidal Siva Temple: Ramatirtham, District Nellore
5. Brick Temples of the Time of Vishnukundins
(i) Yelleswaram Excavations, 146; (ii) Keesarigutta, District Hyderabad, 147, (iii) Some Epigraphical References to the Worship of Siva, 148
6. Depiction of a Temple on Vishnukundin Coins
(1) Physical Description of the Coin, 150; (2) Importance of the Depiction, 151; (3) Who Issued These Coins? 152; (4) Identification of Sriparvatasvami, 153
7. Early Historical Vestiges at Vijayawada and Some Trimurti Cult Plaques in Andhradesa
(1) Early Historical Vestiges, 154; (2) Mogalrajapuram, 155; (3) A Sandstone Plaque in Front of Kanakadurga Temple and Peddamudiyam Plaques, 155; (4) Trimurti Plaque From Kunidene, 156; (5) From Other Regions, 157; (6) Religious Significance, 158
IX. SOME ASPECTS OF THE LINGA CULT : AN ASSESSMENT
X. GENERAL OBSERVATIONS
GLOSSARY OF SANSKRIT TERMS
SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY
INDEX
FIGURES
PHOTOGRAPHS